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PerkinElmer Application Note

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Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are particularly relevant in the analysis of environmental pollution because of their ubiquity, toxicity and persistence. Consequently, the PAHs have become the most intensively studied pollutants in environmental analysis.

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This study uses the challenging analysis of a complex, multi-organ peptide digest of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to compare the performance of a novel linear ion trap mass spectrometer and a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer.

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The analysis of the molar mass distribution of polyethylene and polypropylene resins by GPC/SEC has always been considered a demanding task because of the requirement of high temperature operation for dissolution and complex hardware design, which often results in high maintenance cost, in particular related to the autosampler/injector and detector units, and in other problematic and consuming tasks such as solvent handling added to column fragility, sample degradation or detector sensitivity–stability.

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Structural, bioanalytical, characterization, and quality control studies are critical for successful drug development. These studies must be as accurate, sensitive, and selective as possible, and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) has been the technique of choice for many areas of small molecule analysis for the past 30 years. During that time, rapid improvements in analytical technologies have supported the development of more sensitive and robust methods. However, the pharma and biopharma industry continues to need more powerful instruments and more diverse methods, particularly as therapeutics have expanded to include large molecules. This work follows on from an earlier article that explored the limitations of LC–MS–MS for bioanalysis of biologics. This article considers some of the current issues for analysis of small and large molecules, and emerging trends in method development.

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With advances in instrumentation and without regulatory method constraints, 1,4-dioxane can be detected at the part-per-billion (ppb) level, despite its poor purge efficiency. This application will manipulate purge and trap, as well as GC–MS parameters, to create a more efficient method to reduce cycle times. This study will utilize a Teledyne Tekmar Atomx Automated Sample Prep System in conjunction with an Agilent 7890/5975 GC–MS. A linear calibration and method detection limits (MDLs) for 1,4-dioxane will be established using this method.

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Development and production of biopharmaceuticals is a growing segment of the pharmaceutical industry. The development of vaccines is only one - but as a result of the current H1N1 flu hysteria it is the most striking - segment of this emerging field. Recombinant proteins, ranging from insulin products to therapeutic antibodies, represent another important group of biopharmaceuticals. With the introduction of the first so-called biosimilars in Europe the demand for highly efficient analysis methods is further increasing. Newly developed stationary phases for the typical modes of biochromatography of native proteins such as SEC or IEC open up new opportunities for increasing throughput in the bioanalytical lab.

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This article illustrates how to choose the best experimental parameters for asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation.

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The authors describe the most common cell-based protein expression systems and purification strategies used in the biotechnology industry.

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Fast, flexible platforms for peptide quantification are needed, particularly for a discovery setting. This type of methodology would be especially advantageous in the case of amyloid beta (a?) peptides.

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Mass spectrometry-based electronic nose technology (MS-nose technology) is a fast hyphenated technique for digital odour characterization of food and beverage products.

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Metabolite profiling in drug discovery can contribute significantly at the lead optimization stage in two main application areas. The first is the identification of major metabolites, which provides medicinal chemists with information on the metabolic "soft spots." These soft spots are locations on the molecule particularly susceptible to metabolic modification, which can contribute to high pharmacokinetic clearance. This information then can be used to optimize the structure of a lead compound or chemical series to slow the rate of metabolism and therefore reduce hepatic clearance. This improves the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of the compound, such as bioavailability, exposure (as measured by area under the curve), and half-life. Through iterative optimization of the structure and timely generation of metabolism data following each structural modification, pharmacokinetic properties can be improved while maintaining activity against the therapeutic target.

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With recent research, the University of Oviedo's analytical spectrometry research group has taken a step closer to the absolute quantification of proteins. Quantification based upon isotope dilution mass spectrometry of sulfur is hampered by gas-based polyatomic interferences. By implementing a quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometer with collision/reaction cell technology, the group has been able to overcome the issues and has increased reliability while optimizing the efficiency of its analyses.

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Hydrogen carrier gas can be an effective replacement for helium in many gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (MS) applications.

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Sample clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and similar methods can sometimes be both time-consuming and expensive. The purification of complex plant extracts requires special care in particular. A robust and sensitive online SPE sample preparation method is described for the determination of steviol glycosides.

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A fast clean and simple method to determine three organotin compounds in environmental samples is described

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This article describes a fast, simple and clean procedure to determine three organotin compounds (monobutyltin, dibutyltyin and tributyltin) in environmental samples.

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The use of medicinal herbs as alternative treatment methods continues to grow. With this escalating use has come an increasing interest in determining the chemical compositions of these herbs in order to obtain a better understanding of their makeup and effects. In this study, Flos Chrysanthemi, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine that has been cultivated for centuries, was analyzed to identify the main flavone compositions in one original breed of Flos Chrysanthemi (Hangbaiju) in China.

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This study focuses on United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Method 524.3 for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

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A simultaneous headspace-GC–FID method was validated to establish methanol and ethanol assessment in blood, urine and saliva.

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Superficially porous particles (SPPs) are routinely used in analytical liquid chromatography (LC) columns, but they also provide benefits for preparative LC columns for use in pharmaceutical discovery laboratories and high-throughput environments. In this study, a preparative method using SPP-packed column had a 45% decrease in run time over a method using columns packed with fully porous particles, at standard flow.

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The authors examine some critical factors with regard to buffers in LC and LC-MS research.

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Fast, flexible platforms for peptide quantification are needed, particularly for a discovery setting. This type of methodology would be especially advantageous in the case of amyloid beta (a?) peptides.

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In this article, the combination of SPME with GCxGC and GCxGC–TOF-MS is discussed using mixtures of solvents as example analytes

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The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in determining sub-ppb concentrations of low-molecular-weight amines in the presence of strongly retained cationic drugs by using ion chromatography (IC) with upstream in-line coupled-column matrix elimination (CCME).

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A simultaneous headspace-GC–FID method was validated to establish methanol and ethanol assessment in blood, urine and saliva.

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UltraPerformance LC (UPLC) has been widely accepted by chromatographers because of improvements over HPLC in the sensitivity, resolution and speed of separations. As scientists begin to use this technology for impurity and metabolite profiling, they will need to transfer the methods to preparative LC to isolate and purify their compounds for further research. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically transfer UPLC assays not only to HPLC, but, more importantly, to preparative chromatography. In this application, we provide information on how to scale a UPLC impurity/degradant separation to a preparative LC separation.

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Development and production of biopharmaceuticals is a growing segment of the pharmaceutical industry. The development of vaccines is only one - but as a result of the current H1N1 flu hysteria it is the most striking - segment of this emerging field. Recombinant proteins, ranging from insulin products to therapeutic antibodies, represent another important group of biopharmaceuticals. With the introduction of the first so-called biosimilars in Europe the demand for highly efficient analysis methods is further increasing. Newly developed stationary phases for the typical modes of biochromatography of native proteins such as SEC or IEC open up new opportunities for increasing throughput in the bioanalytical lab.

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What challenges occur when using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and what options are available for analysis?