This article reviews advances in the analysis of persistent halogenated organic compounds over the last century.
A biennial meeting jointly organized by the Environmental Chemistry Group, Separation Sciences Group, and the Water Science Forum, and discussing the latest advances in the analysis of complex environmental matrices, is now in its eighth year. The most recent iteration of the event occurred on Friday 22 February 2019 in the Science Suite, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, in London, UK. This meeting review offers an overview of what is happening in the industry.
Here we present an updated glossary of industry terms - a handy guide for the seasoned analyst as well as those new to the field.
Using a novel new-design monolithic silica column (Chromolith? HighResolution RP-18e), fast, high resolution separations were achieved for various drug mixtures without the high pressures characteristic of modern particulate technology.
As UPLC users convert or replace their existing HPLC systems with UPLC systems there is a transition period where a method must be run on both platforms. Thus, having the same particle substrate and bonded phases available in HPLC and UPLC particle sizes can significantly ease the burden of method development and transfer from one platform to another. In addition to the ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) particle, three new high strength silica (HSS) stationary phases for HPLC applications are introduced. Scalability between both column diameter and particle size is demonstrated on both UPLC and HPLC instrumentation.
An effective metabolite identification study should ideally include both qualitative and quantitative information that for both identifying metabolites, and determining the rate of clearance and the metabolic routes of the parent drug. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is considered the standard analytical technique for metabolite identification studies. To date, however, qualitative and quantitative information has always been obtained from two separation platforms: quadrupole time-of-flight (QTof) MS for the exact mass full-scan qualitative study, and tandem quadrupole MS for the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative study. With advancements to QTof instrumentation, specifically, recent improvements in sensitivity and dynamic range, it is now possible to perform both qualitative and quantitative experiments on a single QTof mass spectrometer. This article describes a workflow that allows simultaneous qualitative and quantitative metabolite identification studies to be..
The accurate diagnosis of renal allograft rejection currently depends upon a biopsy. Transplant medicine would benefit greatly from the availability of noninvasive tests for early detection of rejection and immunosuppressive drug therapeutic monitoring. Only a limited number of studies have been published to date on specific proteins associated with allograft rejection. Typically, renal dysfunction due to humoral transplant rejection or other pathologies results in the increase of protein excreted in urine (1–5). In blood, endogenous peptides (not generated by trypsin digestion ex vivo) are likely candidate biomarkers for many diseases and pathologies as they are secreted from tissues and enter the bloodstream (6,7). The analysis of endogenous protein and peptide fragments in urine can provide a noninvasive, early indication of kidney transplant rejection or disease.
A simultaneous headspace-GC–FID method was validated to establish methanol and ethanol assessment in blood, urine and saliva.
The sample solvent can have a big impact on peak shape in both reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separations, especially when large volumes are injected. Diluting the sample with weak solvent can be an effective solution to mitigate this problem, but we have to be careful to not lose analytes of interest to precipitation or phase separation.
In this article, the combination of SPME with GCxGC and GCxGC–TOF-MS is discussed using mixtures of solvents as example analytes
In this article, the application of silica monoliths with bimodal pore structure (macro and mesopores) is described for the chromatographic analysis of biomolecules including peptides, proteins, and antibodies.
The authors examine some critical factors with regard to buffers in LC and LC-MS research.
A single calibration curve run with staggered calibrants bracketing the unknowns is compared to running complete duplicate calibration curves, one at the beginning and one at the end of unknown sample analysis in an effort to accelerate discovery bioanalysis.
A single calibration curve run with staggered calibrants bracketing the unknowns is compared to running complete duplicate calibration curves, one at the beginning and one at the end of unknown sample analysis in an effort to accelerate discovery bioanalysis.
The basic types of column overload (volume and mass) and the variables that most affect the sample loading capacity in PLOT column chromatography are examined.
The 2017 Chromatography Forum of the Delaware Valley Dal Nogare Award will be presented Monday morning at Pittcon 2018 to Professor Robert Kennedy from the University of Michigan. The award will be presented by Mary Ellen McNally of EI DuPont de Nemours and Company.
Recently a newly developed Kinetex 2.6 µm core-shell chromatographic particle has been commercialized that offers the performance benefits of sub-2 µm fully-porous particles but at substantially lower operating pressures.
The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in determining sub-ppb concentrations of low-molecular-weight amines in the presence of strongly retained cationic drugs by using ion chromatography (IC) with upstream in-line coupled-column matrix elimination (CCME).
An effective metabolite identification study should ideally include both qualitative and quantitative information that for both identifying metabolites, and determining the rate of clearance and the metabolic routes of the parent drug. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is considered the standard analytical technique for metabolite identification studies. To date, however, qualitative and quantitative information has always been obtained from two separation platforms: quadrupole time-of-flight (QTof) MS for the exact mass full-scan qualitative study, and tandem quadrupole MS for the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative study. With advancements to QTof instrumentation, specifically, recent improvements in sensitivity and dynamic range, it is now possible to perform both qualitative and quantitative experiments on a single QTof mass spectrometer. This article describes a workflow that allows simultaneous qualitative and quantitative metabolite identification studies to be..
Analyzing drugs of abuse (DoA) in human bodily fluids is crucial for clinical research and forensic toxicology. In these routine analyses, a large number of samples must be investigated, with a potentially high laboratory cost for each sample. As such, a reliable and affordable method is required for analysis. In this article, a fast, robust, and reliable method is presented for routine, high-throughput drug screening of urine samples.
Oxidation of amino acid residues can alter a protein's biological activity, half-life and immunogenicity. Peptide maps can be used to detect oxidized peptide fragments. Peptides are commonly separated by RP-HPLC; however, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an alternative technique offering different selectivity.
The authors compare five bonded phases with bare silica for the SFC separation of a 19-component mixture of polar analytes.
With recent research, the University of Oviedo's analytical spectrometry research group has taken a step closer to the absolute quantification of proteins. Quantification based upon isotope dilution mass spectrometry of sulfur is hampered by gas-based polyatomic interferences. By implementing a quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometer with collision/reaction cell technology, the group has been able to overcome the issues and has increased reliability while optimizing the efficiency of its analyses.
Synthetic azo- and non-azo dyes were once commonly used as food colourings in many countries. Food safety regulators in Europe, the U.S, and other countries have now banned the use of these synthetic dyes in food because of their potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. In some countries, however, these dyes are still being used, especially in spices. There are currently no published legal limits for these illegal food dyes, but any detectable amount is deemed unacceptable. Thus, any analytical method used to test foods for these illegal dyes must be highly sensitive. Conventional methods are only able to provide limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 10–1000 ppb for these illegal food dyes. A reversed-phase ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method has been developed that reliably achieves LOQs that are three-to-four orders of magnitude lower than conventional methods while also providing improved accuracy and reproducibility.
Both Chinese ginseng and Korean ginseng are similar plant species and undergo similar handling procedures when harvested and processed for sale. Despite their similarities, Korean ginseng commands a higher price than Chinese ginseng on the open market and is believed to produce different clinical effects than Chinese ginseng. Chinese researchers are now employing new techniques on the two varieties of ginseng to understand their chemical differences. HPLC/UV-based strategies for distinguishing the two types of ginseng have proven to be mostly ineffective due to lack of resolution. Using UltraPerformance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration (oa)–TOF mass spectrometry and exact mass measurement, the authors developed a high-resolution method using multivariate statistical analysis for separating and identifying differences between Chinese ginseng and Korean ginseng at the molecular level.
The separation of structurally diverse analytes is often complicated by chance coelutions with other analytes or with matrix related compounds. Often the column is blamed, but while such coelutions make analysis difficult they do not necessarily indicate a faulty column, poor chromatography or method design.
Guest "LC Troubleshooting" columnist Uwe Neue unravels the mysteries surrounding kinetic plots to make them accessible to everyone
Rapid Method Development for Industrial LC Separations Using Automated Screening of Stationary Phases and Solvents.