Application Notes

Used extensively from the 1940s through the 1960s, organochlorine pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons used in agriculture and mosquito control. The organochlorine pesticides accumulate in the environment, presenting an ongoing issue with adsorption and accumulation in the population as a result of ingestion.

Membrane proteins - together with lipids - make up biological membranes that are essential for life. In order to understand the role of membrane proteins in assisting membranes to carry out many different functions, it is of great importance to understand the structure of those proteins.

Glycosylation is one of the most common forms of post-translational modification of proteins. The polysaccharide side chains (glycans) play critical roles in physiological and pathological reactions. Besides the interest in characterizing glycosylation pattern of proteins for structure/function analysis, the thorough characterization of glycosylation is also a major quality parameter in the production of biotherapeutics. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a well-recognized technique that effectively separates and quantifies isolated glycans.

Heparin is a polydisperse, heterogeneous polysaccharide derived from animal tissue. Heparin has been used as an anticoagulant for over 60 years and one of the fundamental parameters for characterizing unfractionated heparin (UFH) is its molecular weight (MW) and MW distribution. The molecular weight of heparin ranges from 3 to 50 kDa, but, typically falls within the 10 to 20 kDa range for unfractionated heparins used in medical applications. In light of heparin contamination issues in 2008, USP has proposed to include heparin molecular weight determination for the stage 3 heparin monograph revisions.

Most proteins, particularly soluble and membrane-bound proteins expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, are glycosylated. The extent and result of glycosylation varies.

Organochlorine (OC) pesticides are hydrocarbons with multiple chlorine substitutions primarily used as insecticides. OC pesticides do not break down easily as the chlorine-carbon bonds are very strong.

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is an evolutionary technology and a powerful tool for enantiomer separation when used in combination with chiral stationary phases (CSPs).

This method increases sensitivity and reduces data acquisition time for a subset of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from the original EPA Method 1694 specifications.

This application note demonstrates the comprehensive 2D-LC analysis of different types of beer. Nontargeted, multisample analysis (fingerprinting analysis) enabled a classification of the different types of beer analyzed.

Due to the highly polar nature of saccharides, the analysis of sugars is typically achieved using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC).

Organic arsenic compounds added to feed stocks of chicken and poultry pose serious environmental and ecological threats. National and worldwide health organizations, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration, have recently implemented more stringent concentration limits for arsenic species in drinking water and foodstuffs.

The global demand for fish as a natural source of fresh animal protein, essential fats, minerals, and vitamins continues to rise with the human population.

In brewing, barley undergoes a malting process, the grain if first drenched to make it germinate and then dried in kilns to capture the sugar and flavor compounds for the brewing process.

Pain management LC analyses can be difficult to optimize due to the limited selectivity of C18 and phenyl-hexyl phases.

The physical properties and behavior of polymers depends strongly on the properties of the polymer molecules themselves

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a copolymer based on glycolic acid and lactic acid. The two monomer units are linked together by ester linkages and form linear polyester chains

CAPCELL CORE ADME S2.7 (ADME) is a column packed with a novel stationary phase of superficially porous silica (core shell particle) modified by adamantyl functional groups.

The challenging retention of polar organic acids in reversed phase conditions is accomplished using a unique multi-mode stationary phase.

Reflectron lenses are used in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers to create an electrostatic field to alter ion flow, providing for a longer flight path and therefore greater resolution.

The Intrada Amino Acid column has been shown to be a viable solution for the analysis of amino acids by LC–MS without derivatization.

Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) is a powerful analytical tool in the separation of antibodies. Traditionally, GFC columns with a dimension of 7.8 mm i.d. × 30 cm are used for analytical purposes.

Organochlorine pesticides are among the more notorious organic pollutants. Gaining wide spread attention into the latter part of the 20th century, and ultimately leading to their ban, OCPs remain with us as a legacy contaminant in the environment.

US EPA wastewater method 624 Purgeables was originally published as 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix A in the mid 1980s.

Vicinal diketones (VDKs) are naturally produced compounds in the fermentation process. The monitoring of VDK levels is of great importance as the concentration of these compounds can greatly alter the flavor of a beverage.

B vitamins are a group of water soluble vitamins that play an important role in cell metabolism. This group consists of a number of compounds including thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin and nicotinamide (vitamin B3), and pyridoxine and pyridoxal (vitamin B6).

Lactulose, a semi-synthetic disaccharide, is a useful indicator for heat induced modifications in milk. Lactulose can be derived from lactose by alkaline isomerization or enzymatic transgalactosylation of fructose.

Direct exposure probe (DEP) coupled to the Pegasus HT, time-of-flight mass spectrometer, was used for the identification of synthetic cannabinoids in MTN-series compounds.

Mobile phase pH is a powerful tool in methods development, particularly for separation of neutral forms of amines or other organic bases under alkaline conditions.

Photonis has combined two of our superior detection and analysis technologies into a new digital ion beam profiling unit. The new Ion Beam Profiler combines a large microchannel plate (up to 120 mm) in a complete assembly with the Photonis Nocturn, a high-resolution digital CMOS low-light camera which is immune to sudden light damage.

Silica-based cyano stationary phases have historically exhibited poor stability and short column lifetime at pH extremes. This application note details an investigation of the stability of YMC's Cyano-HG (high strength) 10 ?m silica-based stationary phase, which was performed at a customer's request.