Author


Roy Eksteen

Latest:

The Effect of SEC Column Arrangement of Different Pore Sizes on Resolution and Molecular Weight Measurements

The results of a study to determine the influence of SEC column order on molecular size separation and peak broadening


Zsuzsanna Kovács

Latest:

Facilitated Column Selection in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Separations

This article gives an overview of the performance of a previously developed system for the ranking of C18 reversed-phase columns applied to different pharmaceutical analyses. The separation of eight different drug substances from their respective impurities was studied. The chromatographic procedure for acetylsalicylic acid, clindamycin hydrochloride, buflomedil hydrochloride, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, phenoxymethylpenicillin and nimesulide was performed according to the corresponding European Pharmacopoeia monograph. The separations of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate and vancomycin were performed according to literature. It was found that that the column ranking system is a helpful tool in the selection of suitable columns in these analyses.



Masaki Watanabe

Latest:

Investigation of Transferrin Structure via Novel Electron Capture Dissociation Techniques Using a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Protein and peptide analysis via tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) has resulted in a wealth of information regarding protein identification, structure, and abundance levels over the past 10 years. Techniques such as neutral loss scanning and collision-induced dissociation (CID) have been especially helpful in facilitating the identification of a multitude of previously unknown sites of protein phosphorylation. However, many of the techniques used to obtain this information are labor intensive and work inconsistently. To address this problem, much effort has been put forth to find alternative methods of fragmenting peptides and proteins that are less difficult and applicable to a wide gamut of peptide classes. Examples of recently developed dissociation techniques include infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD). The implementation of these new techniques has widened the spectrum of peptides amenable to tandem mass spectral analysis.


William Goodman

Latest:

Reduced Solvent Usage and Increased Throughput for PAH Analysis Using UHPLC

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic condensed ring aromatic compounds widely found as trace pollutants in waters, wastes, air particulates, soil and foods. PAHs can be routinely monitored using HPLC with a combination of UV and fluorescence detection as prescribed in EPA methods 550.1, 610 and 8310.


Alexander C. Mann

Latest:

Ultrafast HPLC: Different Approaches to Increased Throughput

Over the years, LC instrumentation has undergone continuous development in pursuit of greater performance. More recently, the focus of progress has been on shorter run times, as a direct response to greater user demand to perform faster chromatographic analyses, particularly for their LC–MS applications. This has led to separations on short (30–50 mm) columns with a small internal diameter (i.d. ~2.0 mm), packed with small particle size phases (1.5–3.0 μm). The trend for smaller column particle size has now reached a practical limit on current hardware and innovative technological solutions for further gains in performance are required. Several manufacturers offer fast LC instruments designed for greater productivity, while maintaining low carryover, high sample capacity, resolution and reliability. With ultra-fast run times of under 1 minute, these companies have achieved increased throughput using contrasting technological approaches. Here we examine the background to this current trend,..


Andrew Gooley

Latest:

Chemical Characterization of Calvados (Apple Brandy) Young Spirits: Separation of Polar and Non-Polar Volatile Compounds

Calvados is an apple-brandy of Normandy (France). Mashed apples are fermented to obtain cider and then distilled to give the young spirit.


Matthias Pelzing

Latest:

Melamine and Cyanuric Acid Detection in 5 Min Using LC–MS

Since September 2008, 294,000 infants and young children suffered urinary problems due to the contamination of melamine in infant milk powder and were hospitalized. This hospitalization was required to treat the symptoms caused by the ingestion of melamine contaminated infant formula and related dairy products. Previously in 2007, pet food, animal feed, wheat gluten, and other protein-based foods were found to contain residues of melamine and its degradation product cyanuric acid (2).


Malte Vahlenkamp

Latest:

Automated High-Throughput Formula Determination and Confirmation with "sub-ppm" Confidence

Combining an ultra fast LC system (e.g., Agilent 1200RRLC, Waters UPLC) with an accurate mass TOF mass spectrometer creates a powerful system for information-rich high-throughput analyses. However, for de novo formula generation and confirmation the residual mass accuracy tolerance of 3–5 ppm can still leave significant ambiguity in the proposed formula. Consequently, skilled manual inspection or further measurements deploying additional analytical techniques (NMR or MS–MS) are frequently required to arrive at a confident formula assignment.


Imre Molnar

Latest:

Comparing Multivariate Eluent Design Spaces for Systematic Characterization of (U)HPLC Columns

Presenting a novel chromatographic modelling method to establish QbD-compliant comparative testing of eluent design spaces.


Naza Lahoutifard

Latest:

The Use of Subtle Differences in Selectivity to Improve Separation of Structurally Diverse Analytes

The separation of structurally diverse analytes is often complicated by chance coelutions with other analytes or with matrix related compounds. Often the column is blamed, but while such coelutions make analysis difficult they do not necessarily indicate a faulty column, poor chromatography or method design.


Pawel K. Zarzycki

Latest:

Planar Chromatography Versus Column Chromatography: A Performance Comparison

It is hypothesized that in particular cases, conventional planar chromatography provides a more effective and robust system than column chromatography with regard to separation efficiency and peak distribution of mixtures composed of low-retarded analytes. Under similar reversed-phase experimental conditions, a regular distribution of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) spots of four natural estrogens (estetrol, estriol, 17?-estradiol, and estrone) corresponds to strong irregular dispersion of peaks in chromatograms generated by high performance liquid chromatography. In both cases, the efficiency of separation was assessed using simple optimization criteria such as selectivity (?min) and resolution (Rs min). The distribution of chromatographic spots was evaluated using the relative resolution product (r). The results revealed that an excellent separation of the components of interest could be achieved easily using simple nonforced and isocratic TLC. Such an interesting property of planar chromatography is mainly driven by the nonlinear relationship between k and Rf retention factors. This article also reports the practical advantages of TLC for the separation of estrogenic steroid mixtures at different temperatures.


Han Gardeniers

Latest:

Pressure-driven Chromatography in Perfectly Ordered Pillar Array Columns

his article reveals the first liquid chromatography (LC) separations performed on a microfabricated pillar array column under pressure-driven conditions. The pillars were non-porous and produced using a Bosch-type deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) to pattern the surface of a silicon wafer and had a diameter of approximately 5 μm. Two different packing densities were compared: one similar to the packing density of a packed bed (external porosity of approximately 49%) and one similar to the packing density of monolithic columns (external porosity of approximately 70%).


Neville J. Freeman

Latest:

Comparison of Modelled and Measured Behaviour of Octadecyl Silane (C18) Surfaces in Aqueous and Organic Media

The use of dual polarization interferometry (DPI) to measure the behaviour of alkyl-modified surfaces under different solvent regimes is described. The empirically observed and modelled behaviour of grafted long alkyl chain adlayers on a silica surface were in good agreement. The empirical data was also compared with data using analogous systems and these also matched well. This approach has the potential to gain much greater insight into the behaviour of reversed-phase (RP) columns and could help to design column surfaces that are resistant to phase collapse.


Peter W. Carr

Latest:

Faster Analysis and Higher Efficiency with Thermally Stable HPLC Columns

In his article, published in 2000, David V. McCalley found large increases in the efficiency for basic compounds at elevated temperature


Faten BelHadj Kaabi

Latest:

Different Approaches to Synthesizing Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Solid-Phase Extraction

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials that mimic immunosorbents. They are widely used as sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE). The most common way to synthesize them is bulk polymerization because of its simplicity and versatility. This produces a hard monolith that has to be ground and sieved to obtain particles in the desired size range. However, the partial loss of the materials as fine dusts; the irregular shape of the particles produced and their wide size distribution, have led to a search for different polymerization methods to offset the drawbacks of the bulk polymerization process.


Jos Hoogmartens

Latest:

Facilitated Column Selection in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Separations

This article gives an overview of the performance of a previously developed system for the ranking of C18 reversed-phase columns applied to different pharmaceutical analyses. The separation of eight different drug substances from their respective impurities was studied. The chromatographic procedure for acetylsalicylic acid, clindamycin hydrochloride, buflomedil hydrochloride, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, phenoxymethylpenicillin and nimesulide was performed according to the corresponding European Pharmacopoeia monograph. The separations of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate and vancomycin were performed according to literature. It was found that that the column ranking system is a helpful tool in the selection of suitable columns in these analyses.


Nastaran Sigari

Latest:

Method Reproducibility — A Case Study

Mass overload is related to the mass of sample that can be injected before the stationary phase is sufficiently loaded to cause changes in the chromatography.


Scott Peterman

Latest:

Use of Synthetic Peptides to Determine Relative Retention Times for Automated Targeted Protein/Peptide Quantification Method Development

Protein/peptide discovery data obtained from data-dependent experiments have been used to increase the success rate of targeted quantification assays as well as automate method building.


Marcus J. Swann

Latest:

Comparison of Modelled and Measured Behaviour of Octadecyl Silane (C18) Surfaces in Aqueous and Organic Media

The use of dual polarization interferometry (DPI) to measure the behaviour of alkyl-modified surfaces under different solvent regimes is described. The empirically observed and modelled behaviour of grafted long alkyl chain adlayers on a silica surface were in good agreement. The empirical data was also compared with data using analogous systems and these also matched well. This approach has the potential to gain much greater insight into the behaviour of reversed-phase (RP) columns and could help to design column surfaces that are resistant to phase collapse.


Stephen Anderson

Latest:

ICP-MS: When Sensitivity Does Matter

It makes intuitive sense - the higher the sensitivity of an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system, the lower the detection limit. But there are many factors that affect the detection limit for a given isotope in a given sample. These factors include sensitivity, background noise, and interferences.


Tosoh Bioscience

Latest:

Greener Solvents for GPC/SEC-MALS Analysis of Polymers

Switching the GPC/SEC solvent from THF to 2-methyl-THF provides an easy swap to provide a greener, safer, and less toxic option.


Roger Smith

Latest:

Superheated Water as an Extraction Solvent in Sample Preparation

The current status of superheated water extraction is reviewed, and the extraction methods, applications, and problems encountered are discussed.


Nicholas H. Snow

Latest:

Green Chemistry: What is it (and What Is It Not)? And How Does It Apply to Gas Chromatography?

Everyone is talking about sustainability, and organizations are creating sustainability programs. But what does green chemistry really mean, and how does it apply to gas chromatography?


Ken Miller

Latest:

Targeted Quantitative Protein Analysis in Human Serum Using High-Resolution Multiple Selected Reaction Monitoring Assays

A common endpoint for a biomarker discovery experiment is a list of putative marker proteins. The next step is then to perform targeted quantitative measurements of these proteins in an expanded patient population to assess their validity as markers. Analytical accuracy and precision are required for unambiguous quantitative analysis of targeted proteins from very complex mixtures. Wide dynamic range and high sensitivity are critical for detecting low-abundance proteins. Such an assay also is appropriate for "targeted discovery" experiments, where the goal is to quantitate a large number (up to hundreds) of known proteins in a complex sample.


Millipore

Latest:

PFAS Analysis: Challenges in Various Matrices

When detecting and analyzing PFAS, the greatest hurdles lie in the various matrices in which PFAS are found. Custom methods and extensive expertise help to solve these issues.


Robert E. Smith

Latest:

An Evaluation of the Determination of the Lipophility of Apocynin and Diapocynin using HPLC

This study evaluates the use of HPLC to estimate the log P (the octanol–water partition coefficient) of two compounds, apocynin and diapocynin. The paper will discuss the effects of an unexpected reversal of retention that occurred when these compounds were chromatographed with various amounts of methanol–water mobile phases.


José Diana

Latest:

Facilitated Column Selection in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Separations

This article gives an overview of the performance of a previously developed system for the ranking of C18 reversed-phase columns applied to different pharmaceutical analyses. The separation of eight different drug substances from their respective impurities was studied. The chromatographic procedure for acetylsalicylic acid, clindamycin hydrochloride, buflomedil hydrochloride, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, phenoxymethylpenicillin and nimesulide was performed according to the corresponding European Pharmacopoeia monograph. The separations of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate and vancomycin were performed according to literature. It was found that that the column ranking system is a helpful tool in the selection of suitable columns in these analyses.


Erwin Adams

Latest:

The Role of Liquid Chromatography and Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Illegal Medicines and Health Products

This review article will give a general overview of the liquid chromatographic (LC) and gas chromatographic (GC) methods used by analytical laboratories for the detection and characterization of suspected illegal medicines and health products, including lifesaving drugs (antimicrobials and antimalarials), lifestyle drugs (erectile dysfunction drugs), and biotechnology drugs (doping peptides and skin-tanning peptides). Literature published from 2015 until early 2019 will be surveyed.


Erwin R. Kaal

Latest:

On-line SEC–Py-GC–MS for the Automated Comprehensive Characterization of Copolymers

The pyrolysis fragments are first refocused on the top of the GC column, then separated and finally detected by the MS. At the end of the GC run the SEC flow is resumed again and the entire process is repeated.