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Comparing the Separation Speed of Contemporary LC, SFC, and GCSome 50 years after Giddings’s iconic comparison of the separation speed of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), the authors revisit this comparison using kinetic plots of the current state‑of‑the-art systems in LC, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and GC. It is found that, despite the major progress LC has made in the past decade (sub-2-µm particles, pressures up to 1500 bar, core–shell particles), a fully optimized ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation is still at least one order of magnitude slower than capillary GC. The speed limits of packed bed SFC are situated in between.
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Mass Spectrometry Advances FossilomicsFossilomics uses MS to extract amino acid sequence information from subpicomole quantities of protein and peptide fragments that remain in certain fossil samples. The sequences are compared to databases and validated with search statistics and high-confidence sequences. The validated sequences can then be used to place the fossils on the evolutionary tree.
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Applicability of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange in Comparing Conformations of Innovator to Biosimilar Biopharmaceutical ProductsSignificant recent advances now enable routine usage of HDX-MS for comparing the conformations of biopharmaceutical products.
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Applicability of Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange in Comparing Conformations of Innovator to Biosimilar Biopharmaceutical ProductsSignificant recent advances now enable routine usage of HDX-MS for comparing the conformations of biopharmaceutical products.
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Enhanced Sample Throughput for Environmental AnalysisAs environmental legislation becomes more stringent, the need to deliver quantitative results in shorter times and greater volumes is necessary for routine environmental analysis. Most of the high-throughput screening methods used to analyze pharmaceutical compounds are, however, useless for environmental monitoring. This is because these methods primarily aim to retrieve as much information from a single sample using the broadest range of techniques. The chromatographic separation process is considered to be the bottleneck in the process. This is not the situation for environmental procedures, in which the bottleneck is the sample preparation step and is usually very tedious and time-consuming.
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Host Cell Protein Monitoring During Downstream Processing Using Micro-Pillar Array Columns Combined with Mass SpectrometryThis article investigates host cell protein analysis using micro-pillar array columns combined with mass spectrometry.
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Peptide Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates Using Micro-Pillar Array Columns Combined with Mass SpectrometryThe structural complexity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) challenges the capabilities of even the most advanced chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. This study examines the use of micro-pillar array columns in combination with mass spectrometry for peptide mapping of both mAbs and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs).
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Host Cell Protein Monitoring During Downstream Processing Using Micro-Pillar Array Columns Combined with Mass SpectrometryThis article investigates host cell protein analysis using micro-pillar array columns combined with mass spectrometry.
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Mixed-Mode Chromatography—A ReviewMixed-mode high performance liquid chromatography (MM-HPLC) involves the combined use of two (or more) retention mechanisms in a single chromatographic system. Many original stationary phases have been proposed in recent years with promising possibilities, while applications have only started to appear in the literature. In this review, the authors discuss mixed-mode chromatography stationary phases. An overview of applications using mixed-mode chromatography is described, as well as the increased interest in mixed-mode systems for two-dimensional chromatography.
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Mixed-Mode Chromatography—A ReviewMixed-mode high performance liquid chromatography (MM-HPLC) involves the combined use of two (or more) retention mechanisms in a single chromatographic system. Many original stationary phases have been proposed in recent years with promising possibilities, while applications have only started to appear in the literature. In this review, the authors discuss mixed-mode chromatography stationary phases. An overview of applications using mixed-mode chromatography is described, as well as the increased interest in mixed-mode systems for two-dimensional chromatography.
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Mixed-Mode Chromatography—A ReviewMixed-mode high performance liquid chromatography (MM-HPLC) involves the combined use of two (or more) retention mechanisms in a single chromatographic system. Many original stationary phases have been proposed in recent years with promising possibilities, while applications have only started to appear in the literature. In this review, the authors discuss mixed-mode chromatography stationary phases. An overview of applications using mixed-mode chromatography is described, as well as the increased interest in mixed-mode systems for two-dimensional chromatography.
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Rapid Identification of Illicit Drug Substances Using Thermal Desorption Coupled with a Portable Toroidal Trap GC–MS SystemRecent developments in the miniaturization of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation are making the technique available for field-based investigations, offering a simple, onsite identification of drug substances. This article describes the identification of sixteen drugs compounds in less than 10 min using portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometry combined with a coiled-wire-filament (CWF) sampling injector to provide an effective tool for the rapid analysis of illicit drug substances.
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Rapid Identification of Illicit Drug Substances Using Thermal Desorption Coupled with a Portable Toroidal Trap GC–MS SystemRecent developments in the miniaturization of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation are making the technique available for field-based investigations, offering a simple, onsite identification of drug substances. This article describes the identification of sixteen drugs compounds in less than 10 min using portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometry combined with a coiled-wire-filament (CWF) sampling injector to provide an effective tool for the rapid analysis of illicit drug substances.
Latest:
Rapid Identification of Illicit Drug Substances Using Thermal Desorption Coupled with a Portable Toroidal Trap GC–MS SystemRecent developments in the miniaturization of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation are making the technique available for field-based investigations, offering a simple, onsite identification of drug substances. This article describes the identification of sixteen drugs compounds in less than 10 min using portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometry combined with a coiled-wire-filament (CWF) sampling injector to provide an effective tool for the rapid analysis of illicit drug substances.
Latest:
Rapid Identification of Illicit Drug Substances Using Thermal Desorption Coupled with a Portable Toroidal Trap GC–MS SystemRecent developments in the miniaturization of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation are making the technique available for field-based investigations, offering a simple, onsite identification of drug substances. This article describes the identification of sixteen drugs compounds in less than 10 min using portable gas chromatograph-toroidal ion trap mass spectrometry combined with a coiled-wire-filament (CWF) sampling injector to provide an effective tool for the rapid analysis of illicit drug substances.
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Trends in Enantioselective High Performance Liquid ChromatographyEnantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is slowly adopting the modern particle technologies (sub-2-µm fully porous particles [FPPs] and sub-3-µm superficially porous silica particles [SPPs]) that have been well known in reversed-phase LC for the past decade. The most significant benefit is that enantiomer separations can be performed much faster, which is of interest in high-throughput screening applications and multidimensional enantioselective HPLC analysis. The state of the art is briefly discussed with some examples documenting the potential of core–shell particle technology and comprehensive multidimensional separations.
Latest:
Trends in Enantioselective High Performance Liquid ChromatographyEnantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is slowly adopting the modern particle technologies (sub-2-µm fully porous particles [FPPs] and sub-3-µm superficially porous silica particles [SPPs]) that have been well known in reversed-phase LC for the past decade. The most significant benefit is that enantiomer separations can be performed much faster, which is of interest in high-throughput screening applications and multidimensional enantioselective HPLC analysis. The state of the art is briefly discussed with some examples documenting the potential of core–shell particle technology and comprehensive multidimensional separations.
Latest:
Trends in Enantioselective High Performance Liquid ChromatographyEnantioselective high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is slowly adopting the modern particle technologies (sub-2-µm fully porous particles [FPPs] and sub-3-µm superficially porous silica particles [SPPs]) that have been well known in reversed-phase LC for the past decade. The most significant benefit is that enantiomer separations can be performed much faster, which is of interest in high-throughput screening applications and multidimensional enantioselective HPLC analysis. The state of the art is briefly discussed with some examples documenting the potential of core–shell particle technology and comprehensive multidimensional separations.
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Mass Spectrometry in Late Development and QC: Practical Considerations for Multi-Attribute Monitoring and BeyondAs a result of the pharmaceutical cGMP for the 21st century and quality by design (QbD) initiatives championed by regulators, the biopharmaceutical industry has been looking for ways to introduce more automated and higher information content analyses into manufacturing, late-development, and quality control (QC). Mass spectrometry (MS-) based attribute monitoring assays have been proposed as key tools to provide the sensitivity, throughput, selectivity, and flexibility required for monitoring critical product and process attributes for biopharmaceutical production and release. Two analytical workflows, subunit multi-attribute monitoring (MAM) and peptide MAM, have emerged to dominate this discussion, and this article is intended to reflect on the active debates over the needs, challenges, and practical limitations for adopting MS-based attribute monitoring for late-development and QC.
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Electrostatic Repulsion–Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography: Using One Mode to Tune Retention from a Second ModeElectrostatic effects superimposed on hydrophilic interactions enables selection or deselection of functional groups for compound isolation.
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Methods and Purposes for Determining Higher Order Structures of BiopharmaceuticalsDetermining the higher order structure of a protein pharmaceutical is important. Here, we review the approaches for HOS determination that are currently receiving the most attention in the literature and at scientific meetings.
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Mass Spectrometry Techniques to Unravel the Heterogeneity of GlycoproteinsSince glycans are responsible for bioactivity, solubility, immunogenicity, and clearance rate from circulation, it is vital to have a detailed map of glycans in therapeutic glycoproteins. Detailed glycoprotein structural analysis must be able to identify the peptide sequence where the glycans are attached as well as the structure of the glycan portion, including oligosaccharide sequence and glycosyl linkages. This article details methods for mass spectrometry experiments on both released glycans (“glycomics”), as well as on intact glycopeptides (“glycoproteomics”) using electron transfer dissociation, high-energy collision dissociation, and collision-induced dissociation fragmentation pathways, which are needed to fully elucidate the structure of glycoproteins.
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Tackling Moisture Sensitivity in Oligonucleotide Synthesis: Novel Application of GC-VUV DetectionWebinar Date/Time: Wed, Oct 30, 2024 11:00 AM EDT
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Merck: Four Ways to Better Water Quality with LC-MSThis article will discuss several aspects of working with high purity water in LC-MS analyses including quality and handling. Solutions will be proposed for optimal water purification based on the use of complementary purification technologies combined with application-specific final filtering, and finally, the importance of water purification system maintenance will be discussed.
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LC/MS Analysis of NeurotransmittersHere we introduce LC/MS analysis methods using the Shodex™ HILICpak™ VC-50 2D column for various cationic neurotransmitters.
