The authors discuss analytical methods for lipidomics.
A fully tested LC-MS/MS workflow for rapid and robust quantification of more than 250 pesticides below maximum residue limits (MRLs) with sensitivity, accuracy, and precision that meets stringent EU guidelines.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is a popular technique for the analysis of wine. This article gives an overview of wine analysis and new insights this technique has revealed regarding the composition of wine, possible health benefits, customer safety and the understanding of winemaking processes.
Increases in the speed and sensitivity of MS systems have set new standards in quantitative and qualitative analysis.
HPLC with ELSD continues to grow in popularity as a "quasi- universal" detector. Improvements in ELSD instrument design, including low temperature evaporation, have recently been commercialized...
The migration to chromatographic methods utilizing smaller particle sizes has been well demonstrated to increase productivity through faster, more efficient separations.
Signal-to-noise of a chromatographic peak from a single measurement has been used determine the performance of two different MS systems, but this parameter can no longer be universally applied and often fails to provide meaningful estimates of the instrument detection limits (IDL).
Thermal agility is a term that describes the ability of an oven to heat up and cool down. Both steps comprise the complete cycle time which, in turn, determines sample throughput. Fast GC accessories provide an attractive means of increasing sample throughput because they are easy to implement and deliver reliable performance at low cost. They require little or no bench space and do not incur additional costs for consumables and support equipment such as autosamplers, data acquisition software, and computers. Fast oven cooling is especially attractive because methods do not have to be re-validated since the separation parameters remain unchanged.
To meet the growing need for fast reversed-phase enantiomer separations, two new 3-μm reversed-phase columns, CHIRALCEL® OD® -3R and CHIRALPAK® AD® -3R, have been introduced. High column performance and column stability under a wide range of conditions, including aqueous solvent systems suited to LC–MS, have been
Detrimental health effects of a group of brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), have been recognized recently, but only after their wide usage and consequently, global dispersal. Of the possible 209 PBDE congeners, 39 (varying in degree of bromination from mono to deca) have been identified previously in the three common technical mixtures. Additional congeners, presumably debromination products of the fully brominated decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), also have been reported in biotic and abiotic environments. However, costly analytical standards are needed to confirm their identification. In addition, the most widely used identification approach, electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry (MS), primarily produces spectra indicating only homologue grouping (for example, hepta-BDE). Without specific compound identification, full assessment of toxicological consequences of PBDE burdens is impeded. It has been reported previously that electron-capture negative ionization (ECNI),..
Several approaches for purifying difficult samples more efficiently for discovery research support are mentioned in this paper. These approaches use mass triggered HPLC on various specialty columns.
In the last decade, research on the detection of all groups of doping agents has been investigated by LC-MS, and routine LC-MS screening applications are now available for almost all classes of doping agents.
The authors discuss a preparative process using the principles of countercurrent chromatography. This process is faster, capable of loadings from milligrams to hundreds of grams, and uses robust equipment.
The analysis of anions and cations is critical during drug development and related QC. Measure both the API and the counterion in a single run.
Knauer Application Note
In this tutorial, the mechanism and origin of ion suppression will be investigated, as well as ways to validate the presence, and circumvent or compensate for, the effects in LC-MS.
QC test probes serve a vital function in ensuring the reproducibility of modern GC columns. These probes ensure that the columns have been properly deactivated, contain the correct amount of stationary phase, and have the same relative retention as the last column purchased. The choice of individual compounds in these test mixes varies widely and can have profound consequences on the performance of a column in the users' applications.
The separation of structurally diverse analytes is often complicated by chance coelutions with other analytes or with matrix related compounds. Often the column is blamed, but while such coelutions make analysis difficult they do not necessarily indicate a faulty column, poor chromatography or method design.
Several approaches for purifying difficult samples more efficiently for discovery research support are mentioned in this paper. These approaches use mass triggered HPLC on various specialty columns.
The SHISEIDO CAPCELL PAK C18 MGIII is an HPLC column packed with a silicone polymer-coated phase, providing excellent peak profiles for basic compounds under acidic conditions, and generating ultimately minimized column bleeding in LC–MS.
A fast enantiomeric separation of a chiral aromatic amine was achieved, using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography and highly sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) as a chiral additive in the mobile phase. The stationary phase consisted of a core shell support with a particle size of 2.7 µm. Under these conditions the baseline separation was obtained within 2.5 min. The influence of the concentration of the additive, along with the thermodynamics of the separation, were studied. Molecular mechanics calculations were consistent with the experimental data for the order of elution, providing further evidence of these interactions. The enantiomeric separation at high temperature (90 °C) using only water as mobile phase also was achieved for the first time.
Over the last 10 years, several solvent-free microextraction techniques for gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have been developed. Two of these techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), are available commercially for the analysis of volatile compounds, such as flavors in foods and beverages, and toxic organic compounds in environmental applications. Other techniques, such as open tubular trapping, inside needle capillary adsorption trap (1), in-tube SPME, capillary microextraction, needle trap, and headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction (2), were also developed for different applications. The basic principle for all of these techniques is essentially the same. Volatile and semivolatile compounds are adsorbed on a sorbent coating, often packed on the interior surface of a capillary column or stainless steel needle. After the sample is concentrated on the coating, the compounds are desorbed thermally in the heated injection port of a gas..
H-SRM provides excellent selectivity for accurate identification and quantification of pesticides in matrix, demonstrating high productivity for effective control at international maximum residue levels (MRLs).
In pharmaceutical development, it is important to analyze small molecules or their metabolites in biological fluids. For this purpose, the analytical methods such as sample pretreatment, 2D-LC and LC–MS have been developed. However there are still problems of resolution and protein adsorption. As a result, satisfying analytical results have not always been achieved.