Application Notes: General

This application note deals with the development of a fast method for the determination of 13 aldehyde and ketone derivates with the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC-system. The method, which used acetone as organic co-solvent, separates the analytes within 3.5 minutes.

Transferring LC methods between instruments and/or laboratory sites is a common practice that allows analytical scientists to maximize equipment usage.

For many years, the use of guard columns has been advocated by column manufacturers and other experts to protect and extend column lifetime and performance of analytical columns from potential damage caused by the presence of chemical contaminants and microparticulates in the sample and mobile phase.

Introduction

Quantification of substances, such as drug impurities or library compounds when pure standards are not available is difficult yet often necessary.

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are complementary mass spectrometric fragmentation techniques. We have used CID and ETD in different approaches to analyse tyrosine phosphorylation using a Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL equipped with ETD.

Methacholine chloride is a synthetic analogue of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine used to assess bronchial asthma of subjects in respiratory function labs and epidemiological field studies.

Use of UV filters in cosmetic formulations is regulated by international authorities. The concentration of these compounds in cosmetic products is controlled constantly. The following methods describe a simple, fast and ultra fast LC method for determination of UV absorbers. HALO C18* was used as column.

Conclusively determine the make and manufacturer of gunpowders by characterizing their distinguishing ingredients.

Following the recent surge in popularity of flash chromatography as a rapid purification technique, two options now exist for small-to-large-scale purifications of crude samples.

The resolution of time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometers continues to improve and attributes of the instrument that once were considered inconsequential have risen in importance as the push to higher and higher resolution continues.

The amaZon series is the next step in Bruker Daltonics' family of ion trap mass spectrometers. Incorporating a number of new innovations to Bruker's highly successful ion trap technology platforms, the amaZon series is a true leap forward in performance and reliability.

Fused silica capillary tubing is increasingly finding use in wave guiding applications. This application note discusses wave guiding optics in light guiding capillary.

LEAP has developed a new instrument for collecting the entire mobile phase stream during metabolic profiling HPLC–MS analyses into a sealed, 96-well, LTuma plate.

Quantification of substances, such as drug impurities or library compounds when pure standards are not available is difficult yet often necessary.

Explosive compounds are widely used in warfare, mining industries, terrorist attacks, and civil constructions. Explosive contaminated soils are mostly found on firing points, impact areas, and training ranges. The explosive contaminates in soil are possible sources for surface and ground water contaminations, posing environmental and public health risks due to the compounds' toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity.

For many years, the use of guard columns has been advocated by column manufacturers and other experts to protect and extend column lifetime and performance of analytical columns from potential damage caused by the presence of chemical contaminants and microparticulates in the sample and mobile phase.

Since 2001 when they became available in North America, monolithic silica HPLC columns have become valuable analytical tools in the R&D and methods development laboratories.

One of the most important attributes of flexible fused silica capillary tubing is its outstanding strength. When made properly with a protective abrasion resistant coating and handled appropriately this material has proven to maintain its strength remarkably well.

In ion chromatography, the presence of a large amount of matrix ions makes quantification of the target ions difficult.

Separation of polar compounds by conventional reverse phase chromatography can be challenging due to their poor retention. Other HPLC approaches include normal phase chromatography (NPC) and its variation, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC).

Over the past several years column manufacturers have been introducing columns packed with smaller particle sizes – sub-2 µm and 3 µm – to take advantage of the improvements that such small particle size columns offer.

Since the gas flow required for the separation step in gas chromatography is frequently lower that that required to optimize the detection, nitrogen is used as a make-up gas to increase the gas flow for detection.

The characteristic composition of ionic liquids (an organic cation or anion and a counterion, in either organic or inorganic form) exhibits unique properties, such as extremely low vapor pressure, excellent thermal stability, electrical conductivity, high polarity, and miscibility with various types of solvents.

The combined benefits are demonstrated by a separation of impurities found in a sample of octyl-dimethyl-4-aminobenzoate.

Cyanide, an environmental contaminant, can cause serious health effects including goiters, hypothyroidism and some neuromuscular diseases. Cyanide wastewater sources include the plating and mining industries, burning of coal and plastics and effluent from publicly owned treatment works (POTW).

The term ionic liquid refers to organic salts with relatively low melting points (below 100 °C) that usually consist of an organic cation or anion and a counterion, in either organic or inorganic form. Ionic liquids exhibit unique characteristics such as extremely low vapour pressure, excellent thermal stability, electrical conductivity, a high degree of polarity and miscibility with various types of solvents. Ionic liquids have been used as catalysts and solvents in organic chemistry and electrochemistry and as mobile phase modifiers or functionalized stationary phases in separation science.1–3

The free and total content of detrimental glycerol in vegetable oil methyl esters (biodiesel) is of paramount importance for the quality of biodiesel and is, therefore, limited by the US ASTM D 6751 and the European EN 14214 standards. Both regulations currently stipulate gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of free and total glycerol. However, the GC method, apart from being expensive, requires tedious derivatizations and fails for glycerol determinations in coconut or palm kernel oil methyl esters.

In the pharmaceutical industry the increased efficiency brought about by new fast chromatography methods needs to be matched by commensurate mass spec capabilities. maXis UHR-TOF is the instrument of choice to keep up with fastest chromatography.

The composition and analysis of fragrance components in home and personal care (HPC) products is very complex and unquestionably time consuming.