Application Notes

Analytical columns packed with both 3- and 5- μm polysaccharide-based wide-pore chiral stationary phases (CSP) are shown to be stable to high operating pressures over a prolonged period.

Regulatory requirements for the identification, quantification, and control of impurities in drug substances and their formulated products are increasingly being explicitly defined, particularly through the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH).

The analysis of polar, ionic metabolites is important for drug discovery and biomarker research. Often times, it is necessary to separate these metabolites from each other and biological matrixes prior to MS detection (1).

A recent poll indicated that millions of consumers were "very" concerned that their public water supplies may be contaminated with trace amounts of pharmaceuticals (1).

To guide the development of aggregate free protein formulations, there is an urgent need for formulations, there is an urgent need for complementary methods which allow a sensitive detection, characterization, and quantification of different types of protein aggregates.

The Pirkle Type Whelk-O®1 CSP was used several years ago to solve a challenging chiral separation for early phase drug development.

Oxidation of amino acid residues can alter a protein's biological activity, half-life, and immunogenicity.

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification process that can significantly affect the biological properties of therapeutic proteins.

Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol are organic compounds that have a distinct scent.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods are commonly used for the analysis of caffeine in beverages (1–3).

Since 2001 when they became available in North America, monolithic silica HPLC columns have become valuable analytical tools in the R&D and methods development laboratories.

Positively identify trace amounts of cannabinoids in a complex food matrix quickly, with minimal sample preparation and no chemical derivatization.

Analysis of oral fluids has become a popular biological fluid to analyze for drugs of abuse as an alternative to blood and urine.

Recently a newly developed Kinetex 2.6 µm Core-Shell chromatographic particle has been commercialized that offers the performance benefits of sub-2 µm fully-porous particles but at substantially lower operating pressures.

Questions answered on a conservation project for historical costumes.

Flavanones are a type of flavonoids occurring widely in plants, either in the aglycone backbone form itself or as glycosides. Flavonones exist in unique forms depending on the type of fruit and can be used to indicate the type of fruit that is being analysed. The following application introduces examples of high-speed analysis of flavanones in citrus juice using the Shimadzu ultra fast LC system, prominence UFLC, and the photodiode array detector SPD-M20A, focusing on narirutin, naringin, neohesperidin and hesperitin.

This article describes the use of combined ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC–MS) and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP–MS) to analyse potentially harmful compounds.

The FDA has no objection to Rebaudioside A having a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status as a sweetener for food and drink.1 Stevia sweeteners may contain other steviol glycosides as well, mainly Stevioside, Rebaudioside C and Dulcoside A. Because the FDA GRAS confirmation is only for the use of Rebaudioside A at 95% purity or above in food and beverages, stevia extracts must be highly purified and characterized prior to use.

The use of EVOLUTE CX mixed-mode columns provides high and consistent recoveries across a range of complex matrices, from biological fluids to milk products. The dual retention mechanism ensures that matrix components such as proteins, salts and phospholipids are removed, resulting in lower ion suppression and accurate analysis.

Zhe Yin, Kenneth J. Fountain, Erin E. Chambers and Diane M. Diehl, Waters Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA.

Based on the QuEChERS AOAC Official Method 2007.01, 16 pesticides were used for evaluating the performance of the Agilent's AOAC buffered extraction and SampliQ QuEChERS dispersive SPE kits for general fruits and vegetables.

Tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) are a group of carcinogens found only in tobacco products and are formed from nicotine and related alkaloids during the production and processing of tobacco and tobacco products.

The separation of structurally diverse analytes is often complicated by chance coelutions with other analytes or with matrix related compounds. Often the column is blamed, but while such coelutions make analysis difficult they do not necessarily indicate a faulty column, poor chromatography or method design.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic condensed ring aromatic compounds widely found as trace pollutants in waters, wastes, air particulates, soil and foods. PAHs can be routinely monitored using HPLC with a combination of UV and fluorescence detection as prescribed in EPA methods 550.1, 610 and 8310.

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are particularly relevant in the analysis of environmental pollution because of their ubiquity, toxicity and persistence. Consequently, the PAHs have become the most intensively studied pollutants in environmental analysis.

Salt formation is a critical aspect in drug development and HPLC is an important tool for determination of pharmaceutical counterions.

The analysis of anions and cations is critical during quality control. In this example, all major ionic components in mineral water are identified and quantified in a single run, with no sample preparation or concentration step.

The screening of pesticides, mycotoxins, and veterinary drugs is of great importance in regulated environments such as food or feed analysis. Due to some of the limitations of traditional triple quadrupole approaches (for example, targeted analyte detection, limited number of compounds, and unidentified unknown compounds), there is currently a trend towards use of full-scan MS data for the analysis of residue samples. Current screening approaches mainly rely on the use of ToF instruments coupled to U-HPLC delivering mass accuracy (~5 ppm) at a maximum resolution of <15,000. This can produce inaccurate mass measurements due the presence of unresolved background matrix interferences. In this work we show a full-scan MS screening approach with the Thermo Scientific Exactive mass spectrometer, a novel single-stage Orbitrapâ„¢ MS capable of providing precise mass accuracies at resolutions of up to 100,000 without the need for internal mass calibration.

Since melamine and its metabolites are extremely polar compounds, they serve as very good candidates for HILIC chromatography. Simultaneous and fast determination and confirmation of melamine and cyanuric acid along with two other compounds using a novel amino bonded phase in HILIC mode coupled with a complete solutions approach is presented.

Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. Melamine can react with formaldehyde to produce melamine resin, a very durable thermosetting plastic, and melamine foam, a polymeric cleaning product. Some end products made from melamine include countertops, dry erase boards, fabrics, glues, housewares, and flame retardants. Melamine is also one of the major components in Pigment Yellow 150, a colorant in inks and plastics.