Oasis HLB SPE Disk for Rapid Multiresidue Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water
A recent poll indicated that millions of consumers were "very" concerned that their public water supplies may be contaminated with trace amounts of pharmaceuticals (1).
A recent poll indicated that millions of consumers were "very" concerned that their public water supplies may be contaminated with trace amounts of pharmaceuticals (1).
These compounds enter the water supply in a variety of ways. Drug residues are introduced to wastewater from hospitals and pharmaceutical manufacturers, from consumer disposal of unused drugs, and from human waste. Because water and waste treatment plants in the US do not typically remove pharmaceuticals, these compounds may ultimately pass into the drinking water supply (2).
Some utilities have begun to test for these compounds using Oasis HLB cartridges (3). This application note describes the UPLC–MS determination of pharmaceutical compounds using Oasis HLB sorbent in a 47 mm SPE disk format. The Oasis HLB disk provides a suitable alternative that can be used for larger sample sizes and for dirtier samples with sufficient particulate matter to hinder cartridge SPE sampling.
Experimental
This application note discusses SPE methodology for determination of most basic, acidic, and neutral drugs.
Oasis HLB disk SPE
The disc is first conditioned with methanol (10 mL) and water (10 mL). Then the 1 L sample is loaded followed by a 10 mL water wash. The sample is eluted with methanol (5 mL), 2% ammonia/methanol (12 mL) and 50:50 acetone/methanol (6 mL). The combined eluents are evaporated and reconstituted prior to UPLC–MS analysis.
UPLC
All analyses were performed using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column, 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm.
Mass spectrometry
The mass spectrometer was a Waters Quattro Premier XE operated in MRM mode using positive electrospray for bases and neutrals and in negative electrospray for acids.
Results/Conclusions
The Oasis HLB disk performs well for the isolation and enrichment of many classes of pharmaceutical and related compounds from water samples. Figure 1 shows UPLC–MS chromatograms obtained for some basic and acidic pharmaceuticals determined in a fortified river water sample. The results were comparable to results obtained using EPA Method 1694.3 Significant advantages of the HLB disk format include the ability to process larger and dirtier water samples than practical using a cartridge format. In addition, the disk format can be used for the extraction of water sample containing a significant amount of particulate matter, which is not possible using a cartridge.
Figure 1: Some group 1 (base/neutrals) and group 3 (acids) compounds extracted at acid pH from river water with spike levels noted.
For the complete application note, visit www.waters.com/30361
References
(1) J. Donn, M. Mendoza and J. Pritchard, "AP Probe Finds Drugs in Drinking Water", Associated Press (various outlets) (9 March 2008).
(2) D.M. Bauman, Drugs in the Water, Water Technology, 22–24 (May 2008).
(3) EPA Method 1694: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment, and Biosolids by HPLC–MS–MS, US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water, EPA-821-R-08-002 (December 2007).
© 2009 Waters Corporation. Waters, The Science of What's Possible, Oasis, ACQUITY UPLC, UPLC, and Quattro Premier are trademarks of Waters Corporation.
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