PSS Application Note
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a nonionic starch derivative. Special HES-formulations are the most frequently used blood plasma substitutes. An intravenous application of this plasma expander is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss. The blood volume is increased immediately and red blood cells continue to deliver oxygen to the body.
Different types of hydroxyethyl starches are described by their average molecular weight, by their degree of substitution and the C2/C6 ratio. To measure the average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution, GPC/SEC with RI and light scattering detection is applied.
Eluent: acetate buffer acc. to Pharmacopoeia1
Columns: PSS SUPREMA Lux 10 μm 125 Å, 200 Å and 17 μm 1000 Å, 3000 Å (7.5 × 300 mm) + precolumn
Data acquisition: PSS WinGPC Unity with Compliance Pack
Detectors: SECcurity GPC1200 RI, MALLS SLD7000
Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min
Concentration: 0.5 g/L
Injection volume: 50 μL
The buffer solution, the test solution, the CRS and the samples were prepared as described in the Pharmacopoeia. The GPC/SEC system was equipped with an multi angle laser light scattering detector that measures simultaneously at seven different scattering angles and an RI detector in series. Figure 1 shows the raw data for a HES standard with narrow molar mass distribution obtained with such a setup. The seven signals for the seven different angles of the light scattering detector are displayed as well as the signal of the refractive index detector.
Figure 1: Raw data example for a HES standard measured using the SLD7000 and an RI detector (red).
PSS WinGPC Unity software was used to determine the mean Mw and the Mw for the lowest and highest 10 % fractions from these raw data. Values for low Mw, medium Mw and high Mw HES are given in the Pharmacopoeia.
Although light scattering is an absolute method several remarks should be considered:
Figure 2 shows the results for a HES 200 with a broad molar mass distribution. The results highlighted in green are the results required by Pharmacopoeia.
Figure 2: Results for a HES 200 with broad molar mass distribution. The results in green are required by Pharmaeuropa.
1. European Pharmacopoeia 7.0, 01/2011:1785, p.984.
PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH
In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, D-55120 Mainz, Germany
tel. +49 6131 96239 50 fax +49 613196239 11
E-mail: fgores@polymer.de
Website: www.polymer.de
GC–TOF-MS Finds 250 Volatile Compounds in E-Cigarette Liquids
November 1st 2024A study has used gas chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to build an electron ionization mass spectra database of more than 250 chemicals classified as either volatile or semi-volatile compounds. An additional, confirmatory layer of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was subsequently performed.
AI and GenAI Applications to Help Optimize Purification and Yield of Antibodies From Plasma
October 31st 2024Deriving antibodies from plasma products involves several steps, typically starting from the collection of plasma and ending with the purification of the desired antibodies. These are: plasma collection; plasma pooling; fractionation; antibody purification; concentration and formulation; quality control; and packaging and storage. This process results in a purified antibody product that can be used for therapeutic purposes, diagnostic tests, or research. Each step is critical to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of the final product. Applications of AI/GenAI in many of these steps can significantly help in the optimization of purification and yield of the desired antibodies. Some specific use-cases are: selecting and optimizing plasma units for optimized plasma pooling; GenAI solution for enterprise search on internal knowledge portal; analysing and optimizing production batch profitability, inventory, yields; monitoring production batch key performance indicators for outlier identification; monitoring production equipment to predict maintenance events; and reducing quality control laboratory testing turnaround time.
Multivariate Design of Experiments for Gas Chromatographic Analysis
November 1st 2024Recent advances in green chemistry have made multivariate experimental design popular in sample preparation development. This approach helps reduce the number of measurements and data for evaluation and can be useful for method development in gas chromatography.