Application Notes: Pharmaceuticals

This application note demonstrates the extraction of sour cream, cream cheese, coffee creamer, heavy whipping cream, and low fat milk using an ASE 350 Accelerated Solvent Extractor technique developed by Dionex and compares results to the traditional Mojonnier technique.

Saccharides are fundamental substances that express various bioactivities and may exist independently or form complexes with proteins or lipids.

A modified QuEChERS-type extraction method is used with an additional concentration step to detect 38 anthelmintic (nematicides, flukicides, endectocides) drug residues, consisting of benzimidazoles, avermectins, and flukicides in milk. UHPLC–MS-MS instrumentation detects most analytes at <1 µg/kg.

Nicotine is a famously addictive alkaloid found in tobacco. Controlled doses of nicotine compounds are sometimes used to help tobacco users quit smoking.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFC) are considered as emerging contaminants that attract high interest from the international scientific community.

Using a bonded polymeric zwitterionic stationary phase, in HILIC mode, polar quaternary herbicides like Diquat can easily be retained, with good peak symmetry.

Since the gas flow required for the separation step in gas chromatography is frequently lower that that required to optimize the detection, nitrogen is used as a make-up gas to increase the gas flow for detection.

Rapid Resolution High Definition (RRHD) columns, used on UHPLC instruments, provide significant productivity enhancements because they are stable to 1200 bar and can withstand higher flow rates.

Pesticide pollution is a subject of global concern, and although many countries have now banned the use of organochlorine pesticides, they linger in the environment and can contaminate water sources.

With Americans becoming increasingly health conscious and concerned with their exposure to chemicals, businesses have made movements to create more products that are safer for the consumer and the environment.

The separation of closely related compounds is of interest to many disciplines including natural products, flavors and fragrances, and pharmaceuticals.

The determination of enantiomeric purity is crucial in new drug development.

New efficient, effective, and sensitive sample preparation application for the extraction of ethyl glucuronide from human urine at significantly low levels using EVOLUTE AX; a resin-based mixed-mode sorbent with an optimised combination of nonpolar (hydrophobic), polar (hydrophilic), and strong anion exchange interactions.

Aflatoxins occur naturally in peanuts, cottonseed, corn, and dried chili pepper, as well as many mixed or processed foods and feeds.

This article describes a straightforward ion chromatographic method that uses isocratic elution and pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to sensitively determine water-soluble polyols and sugar alcohols as well as mono-, di- and oligosaccharides in essential and nonessential foodstuffs.

In food, organic acids originate from the natural biochemistry processes or are added as preservatives, acidulants and stabilizers.

Using a bonded polymeric zwitterionic stationary phase, in HILIC mode, polar quaternary herbicides like Diquat can easily be retained, with good peak symmetry.

Naringenin, a chiral flavonoid found in several fruit juices, is well known for its beneficial health-related properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities. The HPLC and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) enantioselective separation of (R,S)-Naringenin has been performed on both analytical and semi-preparative scale using an amylose derived RegisPack CSP.

Isolation and purification of compounds and their impurities/degradants is an important part of the drug discovery and development process.

Polysaccharides are often separated using SEC columns. However, SEC columns do have limitations, specifically: poor column efficiency or peak shape.

GC–MS analysis of urine for drugs of abuse is commonplace, but can be complicated by high matrix effects and frequent co-elution.

In the recently published 2nd edition of Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography (1) it is stated that the debate about which column to place first when running a series of SEC columns is still open.

There are currently several hormones and hormonelike agents with marked ability to improve the rate of growth and efficiency of feed intake for animals.

Cationic surfactants are used as disinfectants, corrosion inhibitors, phase-transfer catalysts, wetting agents, dispersants, and even mobile phase modifiers in liquid chromatography.

ISOLUTE EPH columns have been developed to fractionate pentane or hexane based soil extracts into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions (C8?C40 aliphatics, C10?C22 aromatics).

Viruses are packets of infectious nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective coat consisting of a large number of protein subunits.

Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant derived from Erythroxylon coca.

Protein-based pharmaceutical drugs, such as fusion proteins and monoclonal antibodies (mAb), are playing an increasing role in modern therapeutics.

Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are often utilized for a broad range of enantiomeric chromatographic separations due to their wide chiral recognition ability.

Furan is naturally occurring at low levels in many foods and drinks (1).