Screening of Pollutants in Water Samples and Extracts from Passive Samplers using LC–MS and GC–MS
August 1st 2012This article describes the GC–MS and LC–MS screening methods developed by the Environment Agency for England and Wales for the analysis of both low-volumn water samples and extracts obtained from various designs of passive samplers.
Can We Trust Experimental Standard Deviations?
August 1st 2012The statistical nature of experiments leads to the fact that standard deviation (SD) of replicate analysis is not constant but a number with some variability: a standard deviation has its own standard deviation. As a consequence, a SD calculated from three experiments is not rugged and even SDs from ten experiments show a great variability. Analysts should be aware that with 100 or more the results have low scatter