Market Profile: Automated DNA sequencers

Automating the DNA sequence process is made possible by the use of fluorescent tags. With fluorescent dyes, the entire experiment can be performed in a single solution instead of four different ones. Using Sanger-based methods, the DNA fragments migrate through the gel, and the color associated with each successive peak is detected using a laser. The DNA sequence is read by determining the sequence of colors in the peaks as they pass the detector, and then feeding the data directly to a computer for instant results.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based DNA sequencing systems consist of a number of different measurements, all of which use an open fused-silica capillary tube filled with an electrolyte. The ends are immersed in reservoirs, held at high opposing potentials (+/-). Ions in the solution migrate to the oppositely charged ends. Silanol (-Si-OH) groups on the surface of the silica capillary give up hydrogen ions in alkaline media and produce a highly negatively charged surface, which in turn causes the carrier solution in the capillary to move toward the negative electrode. Thus, there is a constant flow of solution, produced by this electroosmotic phenomenon, in the negative direction. The effect of all this is to produce a separation in which, as a result of both the electrophoretic effect and the electroosmotic flow, all anions move toward the cathode, but at different rates. An in-line detector can read all DNA fragments as they go by.

2011 sequencer demand by industry.

Next-generation sequencers have been the latest breakthrough in the automated DNA sequencing market. With only a handful of vendors involved in next-generation sequencing, sequence-by-synthesis and sequence-by-ligation have emerged as the leading technologies. Roche's Genome Sequencer FLX system uses a combination emulsion PCR (emPCR) and sequence by synthesis via pyrosequencing. Similar to Roche, Illumina's Genome Analyzer sequencer uses a sequencing-by-synthesis strategy. However, instead of emulsion PCR, the Genome Analyzer II uses a cluster amplification process. Applied Biosystems/Life Technologies' SOLiD system uses emulsion PCR and microbeads that are transferred onto an open glass slide. The system uses a sequence by ligation strategy, using a two-base encoding chemistry.

SDi estimates that the top five industries account for about 93% of the market share. Academia accounts for over half, followed by government with 21%. CROs, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals combine for another 21%.

The foregoing data were extracted and adapted from SDi's Global Assessment Report, Edition 12. For more information, visit www.strategic-directions.com